Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan signed an Article‑5 style mutual defence pact on Aug. 7, declaring that an armed attack on one would be treated as an attack on all. The three leaders—Erdogan, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif—met in Mecca to formalise the agreement, which Ankara says is not aimed at Iran.
The pact establishes joint political and military committees, a Saudi‑based secretariat, and a framework for shared training, intelligence, logistics and defence‑industry cooperation. Fidan said the alliance will decide support levels—intelligence, ammunition or troop deployment—through consultations, and that it was prepared over 2 years 8 months. The three signatories will convene a first committee meeting to set operational details.
Ankara views the pact as a regional security framework that could expand to include Egypt and other Gulf states, while Iran’s officials dismiss it as a paper agreement. The alliance does not replace existing ties such as NATO, but adds a new layer of deterrence that may influence Red Sea shipping security and broader Middle East stability.